Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox) is a viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus, part of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It causes symptoms similar to smallpox, though typically milder. The disease can spread from animals to humans or through direct contact with an infected person. It poses a significant risk, especially for immunocompromised individuals and children, and uncontrolled outbreaks can have serious public health implications.